If you’re planning IVF, you’ve probably heard the term "preimplantation genetic testing" or PGT. In plain words, PGT is a lab test that looks at the DNA of embryos before they are placed in the uterus. The goal is to spot genetic problems early so you can choose the healthiest embryos for transfer. This can improve pregnancy chances and reduce the risk of passing on inherited conditions.
PGT isn’t a one‑size‑fits‑all service. There are three main types that target different concerns:
First, your IVF cycle produces several embryos. Around day 5 or day 6, each embryo reaches the blastocyst stage and a few cells are gently taken from its outer layer. Those cells, called trophectoderm cells, are sent to a genetics lab. The lab extracts DNA, amplifies it, and runs the appropriate test based on the PGT type you’ve chosen.
The results typically come back within 1‑2 weeks. You’ll get a report that labels each embryo as normal, abnormal, or inconclusive. Your doctor then helps you decide which embryos to transfer. Many clinics will only transfer embryos flagged as normal, aiming for a higher success rate and a healthier baby.
Cost: In India, PGT can add anywhere from ₹60,000 to ₹1,50,000 per cycle on top of standard IVF fees. The price varies by the type of test and the lab’s reputation. Make sure you understand what’s included – some labs charge extra for interpretation or follow‑up counseling.
Success rates: PGT can improve live‑birth rates, especially for older women or those with recurrent miscarriages. However, it doesn’t guarantee a pregnancy. It simply increases the odds by selecting embryos with the best genetic profile.
Risks: The biopsy itself is very safe, but there’s a tiny chance it could affect embryo development. Most studies show no significant impact, but discuss any concerns with your embryologist.
Emotional impact: Seeing a report that labels some embryos as abnormal can be tough. It’s wise to have a counselor or support group ready to help you process the information.
Eligibility: PGT is most useful if you have known genetic conditions, a history of recurrent pregnancy loss, or are over 35 years old. If you have a clean health record and are in your late 20s, some clinics may suggest skipping PGT to keep costs down.
To decide, ask yourself three questions: Do I have a genetic risk that needs checking? Am I comfortable with the extra cost and waiting time? Do I have a support system for the emotional side?
Talking openly with your fertility specialist, a genetic counselor, and your partner will help you make an informed choice. Remember, PGT is a tool, not a guarantee. It can give you clearer data, but the journey to parenthood still relies on many factors beyond genetics.
In short, preimplantation genetic testing lets you screen embryos for specific DNA issues before transfer. It can improve IVF outcomes, especially when there’s a known genetic concern. Weigh the cost, benefits, and emotional aspects, and discuss everything with your medical team to see if PGT fits your family‑building plan.
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