Radiation therapy uses high‑energy rays to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors. It’s one of the most common ways doctors treat cancer in India, often combined with surgery or chemotherapy. If you’ve heard the term but aren’t sure what it really means, this guide breaks it down in plain English.
External beam radiation is the most familiar. A machine called a linear accelerator sits outside your body and sends precise beams at the tumor from different angles. Sessions usually last a few minutes, and you’ll go in five days a week for several weeks.
Brachytherapy places tiny radioactive sources inside the body, near or inside the tumor. Doctors might insert them through a catheter or permanently implant seeds. Because the radiation is close to the cancer, treatment time can be shorter.
Systemic radiotherapy uses radioactive drugs that travel through the bloodstream. These drugs target cancers that have spread, like certain thyroid or bone cancers. You take the drug orally or via injection, and it delivers radiation from inside the body.
All three methods rely on detailed imaging—CT, MRI, or PET scans—to map the tumor’s exact shape. The radiation plan is custom‑made for you, so healthy tissue gets the lowest dose possible.
Side effects vary depending on where you’re treated and how much radiation you receive. Skin irritation looks like a mild sunburn in the treated area; keep it clean and use gentle moisturizers. Fatigue is common—plan light activities and rest when you need to.
Some people experience swallowing trouble, mouth sores, or dry mouth when the head and neck are treated. Sip water often, avoid spicy foods, and ask your doctor about saliva substitutes. If your abdomen or pelvis gets radiation, you might feel nausea or have changes in bowel habits. Small, frequent meals and staying hydrated help a lot.
Always tell your care team about any new symptom. They can adjust the dose, give medication, or suggest simple home remedies that make a big difference. Remember, most side effects lessen after treatment ends, but follow‑up visits are vital to catch any late effects early.
Preparing for radiation therapy is easier when you know what to expect. Talk to your oncologist about the exact schedule, how long each session will take, and what you should bring (water, a book, comfortable clothes). Ask about parking, travel time, and any insurance coverage details specific to India.
During treatment, keep a simple diary of how you feel each day. Note energy levels, skin changes, and any pain. This record helps your team tweak the plan if needed. Also, lean on family or friends for rides and emotional support—having a familiar face around can make the whole process less stressful.
Radiation therapy is a powerful tool that can cure many cancers or keep them under control. By understanding the types, the planning process, and practical ways to handle side effects, you can go into treatment with confidence. Stay curious, ask questions, and remember that your medical team is there to guide you every step of the way.
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